![]() ![]() ![]() In the 1950s and ’60s, scientists studied whether LSD could be used to treat alcohol addiction and trauma. In 1947, Sandoz dubbed the compound Delysid and began distributing it as an experimental psychiatric drug. However, it wasn’t until 1943, after he accidentally ingested some of his creation, that Hofmann realized the substance had psychoactive properties. History: The drug, first created in 1938, was the twenty-fifth in a series of compounds synthesized by the Swiss chemist Albert Hofmann, who was synthesizing chemicals that might have useful effects on circulation for the pharmaceutical company Sandoz Laboratories. The onset of noticeable effects begin after some twenty to forty minutes, depending on the dose and the person, and the experience lasts from eight to twelve hours. LSD is usually ingested orally as drops of a liquid solution or through small squares of paper (“blotter”) containing the drug. A survey of mescaline users found the compound is associated with decreases in anxiety, depression, and substance abuse.īasics: LSD is a synthetic substance derived from ergot, a fungus that grows on rye and other cereal grains.There are multiple reports of success using peyote to treat alcoholism among Native American Church members.However, there are exemptions, and some Indigenous communities are permitted to use mescaline in connection with traditional religious practices. Legality: In the United States, mescaline is listed in Schedule I of the Controlled Substances Act, making it illegal to use recreationally or in therapy outside of specially approved research settings. Therapy: Research suggests that mescaline could be effective in combination with therapy for treating addiction to alcohol and other drugs as well as reducing the effects of anxiety and depression. Potential Risks and Side Effects: Mescaline can cause nausea and vomiting. Some users also report the “geometrization” of three-dimensional objects, which appear flat and distorted. Potential Benefits: Mescaline induces experiences similar to other classical psychedelics, which include visual and auditory hallucinations and an altered perception of time. federal and state governments variously prohibited and permitted Indigenous use of peyote, with permission finally granted under federal law in 1994 as an amendment to the American Indian Religious Freedom Act of 1978. ![]() ![]() The mescaline-containing cactus peyote is the sacramental medicine of the Native American Church. As with most other classic psychedelics, the 1970 Controlled Substances Act classified mescaline as a Schedule I drug in the United States, virtually halting scientific research into its clinical and medical potential. Aldous Huxley made mescaline famous when he described his own psychedelic experiment with the drug in his landmark book The Doors of Perception. The compound was first isolated by the German chemist and physician Arthur Heffter, and in the 1950s the drug was used to simulate and study schizophrenia. History: Mescaline has been used for many generations and has played a role in Indigenous religious ceremonies in North America for over five thousand years. Today, peyote is considered a vulnerable species and some members of the Native American Church have asked non-Indigenous people to abstain from harvesting or using the plant. Because peyote is a slow-growing plant, it can take a decade or more for a seed to develop into a cactus with enough mescaline to consume. A number of factors contribute to this scarcity: growing demand from non-Indigenous users who want to experience peyote cattle ranching, agriculture, and oil and gas development have encroached on the desert land where it grows and poaching and unsustainable harvesting practices have decimated the species. Mescaline is the least potent of the classic psychedelics, meaning more has to be ingested in order to occasion a certain intensity of effects.īecause peyote grows wild only in small portions of the southern United States and Mexico, the supply is in decline. The onset of subjective effects begins after around an hour and lasts for ten to twelve hours. Like LSD and psilocybin, mescaline is typically ingested orally. Basics: Mescaline is found in several cacti including the San Pedro and the spineless peyote. ![]()
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